Technological advances in situational awareness have dramatically reduced the number of general aviation controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents. However, the General Aviation Joint Steering Committee (GAJSC) has found that reliance on automation is a precursor to CFIT events. They found that automation use contributed to visual meteorological condition (VMC) and instrument meteorological condition (IMC) accidents in day and night flight conditions. Awareness of automation limitations and pilot proficiency in flying with and without automation are key to safe flight operations.
https://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/05170703/Cockpit-Mountains.jpg9001600Eric Radtkehttps://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/05155154/FTC-logo-horizontal-fianl.pngEric Radtke2021-12-17 10:00:552021-11-17 14:11:06CFIT and the overreliance on Automation – from the FAASTeam
I’ll never forget my first night training flight. I was terrified and had a million questions for my flight instructor. How was I supposed to navigate without seeing the same landmarks I was accustom to seeing during the day? Without a visible daytime horizon, could I stay in control of the airplane? What happens if I lose my way? How will I avoid birds or anything else flying around in the dark for that matter?
It didn’t take many flights for me to really start to appreciate and enjoy flying at night. In many ways, it is better than flying during the day. It’s easier for me to schedule an airplane, it’s often much smoother and clearer than during the day, and there are fewer aircraft competing for the same airspace. Flying at night is one of the many privileges we have as private pilots, and what good is a privilege if you don’t exercise it?
But night flight isn’t without some unique challenges. Here are my top 3 hacks to overcome some of those challenges and make your night flights more enjoyable.
#1 Pick the right flashlight
Flashlights seem to be everywhere, but no two flashlights are built the same and you get what you pay for as I’ve learned many times. While you can grab a flashlight for a $1 at discount stores, if the flight deck really does go dark, you don’t want your successful outcome to hinge on the weekly special. My top three requirements for an aviation flashlight are:
Red and white light. White for preflight and red to preserve night vision while on the flight deck.
Independent buttons to operate the red and white light. It doesn’t make sense to scroll through the white light and destroy your night vision to get to the red light. It also costs precious time.
Standard alkaline batteries. There is something reassuring about being able to replace your batteries when they are dead instead of having to locate a charging cable and outlet (if you even remember to do so before your flight). Bonus points if your flashlight uses AA batteries. Most ANR headsets use AA batteries, so you now have a backup battery source when in a pinch.
The flashlight I keep in my bag is the Flight Gear Flashlight from Sporty’s, as it satisfies all three of my requirements and is priced right.
#2 Headlamp, or is it a neck light?
Some pilots, myself included, prefer a headlamp. You have enough stuff in the cockpit to keep your hands occupied without having to hold a flashlight. Using a headlamp is a convenient way to free up your hands, but it could be cumbersome to put on and it can get in the way of your headset. To solve both issues, I like to put my headlamp around my neck like a necklace. Turning on a red headlamp around your neck can fill the cockpit with enough soft light to see everything without waking any sleeping passengers.
Pro tip: If your headlamp has a bracket normally used for aiming the light down from your forehead, put the headlamp around your neck upside down. This will provide better directional control for your new neck light. My favorite headlamp is the Flight Outfitters headlamp, as it has independent buttons for the red and white light.
#3 Use Oxygen to stay sharp
On one of my early cross country night flights, my instructor preformed an experiment that has stuck with me to this day (learning principle of effect). We leveled off at 8,500 feet and flew for about an hour. He took out an oxygen system and told me to look at the city lights in the distance while taking a few breaths of oxygen. It was like the entire town was operating on a dimmer switch and somebody just cranked it up. It illustrated to me the effects of hypoxia and the benefits of using oxygen when flying at higher altitudes. You can grab a complete portable oxygen system for just over $500, or you can grab a few of these smaller Boost canisters. A few hits of oxygen before descending will keep you sharp for those night approaches.
Putting these three items in your flight bag should help make your night flights more enjoyable. But don’t forget to watch out for those flying squirrels, especially at night.
https://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/05182125/04373_163F.jpg6821024Doug Ranlyhttps://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/05155154/FTC-logo-horizontal-fianl.pngDoug Ranly2021-12-13 10:00:532021-12-15 19:07:413 Night Flying Pilot Hacks
In this episode of Pilot Minute, produced by the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute’s Medical Education Division, FAA Federal Air Surgeon Dr. Susan Northrup provides simple tips you can use to streamline the medical certification process. Tips include making sure all pages you submit for a medical are legible and contain a name, date, and any identification numbers you may have received in letters from the FAA. You can find more information about what’s required for each diagnosis in the Guide for Aviation Medical Examiners at faa.gov/go/ameguide.
https://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/05155434/pilot-minute.png5631018Eric Radtkehttps://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/05155154/FTC-logo-horizontal-fianl.pngEric Radtke2021-12-10 10:00:242021-11-02 16:32:15Pilot Minute video: streamline the medical certification process
During your training, you’ll practice a variety of simulated emergencies so that you’re prepared in the event the real thing develops in flight. One of the common training scenarios is a simulated engine failure, which will teach you important memory items and how to use the emergency checklist. This week’s tip demonstrates best practices for dealing with this rare situation to help you get safely back on the ground.
1−1−9. INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM (ILS) – further clarifies the ILS Expanded Service Volume (ESV) and includes a new figure that better explains how pilots can identify an ILS ESV when consulting a charted instrument procedure.
1−1−17. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM – The NOTAM subparagraph (g) was deleted so as not to duplicate. There is a specific NOTAM paragraph (5−1−3) that explains NOTAMs in detail. A few paragraphs were moved to supplement the RAIM paragraph. Lastly, in an effort to clarify guidance and to ensure it supports what is currently being charted in regards to the missed approach waypoint (MAWP) and the missed approach holding waypoint (MAHWP), a clearer depiction and a minor correction on how Fly−by (FB) and Fly−over (FO) waypoints are used and depicted on approach charts.
5−4−5. MINIMUM VECTORING ALTITUDE (MVA) – This change rewrites the notes in off route obstruction clearance altitude (OROCA) related paragraphs, to incorporate updated terminology and enable a better understanding of how OROCA is utilized.
5−1−3. NOTICE TO AIRMEN (NOTAM) SYSTEM – GPS NOTAM and receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) information is currently located in the overview section of the AIM/AIP. This change consolidates all of the NOTAM information into one procedures section and updates current NOTAM language. This update references how to report GPS anomalies, as well as edits two tables with example NOTAMS on GPS testing and pseudo−random satellite numbers.
5−1−17. COLD TEMPERATURE OPERATIONS – This change replaces paragraph 5−1−17 Cold Temperature Operations guidance and preflight planning information being updated to reflect the two temperature limitations that may be found on an FAA produced instrument approach procedure (IAP). The new paragraph also directs operators to Chapter 7 to review the information on cold temperature altimetry errors and current procedures for CTA and baro−VNAV temperature limitations.
5−2−7. DEPARTURE RESTRICTIONS, CLEARANCE VOID TIMES, HOLD FOR RELEASE, AND RELEASE TIMES – A recent change to FAA Order JO 7110.65 requires that ATC give a pilot departing from an airport without an operating control tower a departure release, a hold for release, or a release time when issuing the departure clearance. This AIM change reflects the change made to FAA Order JO 7110.65 and clarifies pilot and controller responsibilities.
5−2−9. INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE PROCEDURES (DP) − OBSTACLE DEPARTURE PROCEDURES (ODP), STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURES (SID), AND DIVERSE VECTOR AREAS (DVA) – Instructions and clarity were added for pilots to remain within the visual climb over airport (VCOA) specified visibility when departing an airport instrument flight rules (IFR) using VCOA.
5−4−20. APPROACH AND LANDING MINIMUMS – Removes outdated and incorrect verbiage and re−aligns AIM/AIP verbiage with FAA Order 8260.58.
7−1−8. INFLIGHT WEATHER ADVISORY BROADCASTS – This change removes Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWW) from paragraph 7−1−8, Inflight Weather Advisory Broadcasts, which are not broadcast by Terminal or ARTCC controllers.
9−1−4. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF EACH CHART SERIES – This change updates frequency of chart production. In cases where annually or biannual updates were made, 56 day chart updates replace those longer update periods, and reduce the NOTAM burden and bring NAS changes to aviators in a timely manner.
If you’d like to stump your CFI on your next lesson, ask what the acronym NOTAM stands for. Here’s a hint, it just changed.
FAA recently published Order 7930.2S, Change 2, effective December 2, 2021 for Notices to Air Missions (NOTAM). Yes, these changes include modifying the acronym NOTAM from Notice to Airmen to Notice to Air Missions – a more applicable term per the FAA.
As a brief review, NOTAM information classifications include Domestic (NOTAM D) and Flight Data Center (FDC).
NOTAM (D) information is disseminated for all navigational facilities that are part of the National Airspace System (NAS), all public use aerodromes, seaplane bases, and heliports listed in the Chart Supplement U.S. NOTAM (D) information includes such data as taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria, such as VASI. There are several types of NOTAM Ds:
Aerodrome activity and conditions, to include field conditions.
Airspace to include CARF, SUA, and general airspace activity like UAS or pyrotechnics.
Visual and radio navigational aids.
Communication and services.
Pointer NOTAMs. NOTAMs issued to point to additional aeronautical information. When pointing to another NOTAM, the keyword in the pointer NOTAM must match the keyword in the original NOTAM. Pointer NOTAMs should be issued for, but are not limited to, TFRs, Airshows, Temporary SUA, major NAS system interruptions, etc.
FDC NOTAMs. On those occasions when it becomes necessary to disseminate information that is regulatory in nature, an FDC NOTAM is issued. FDC NOTAMs include NOTAMs such as:
Amendments to published IAPs and other current aeronautical charts.
Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR). Pilots should read NOTAMs in their entirety as some TFRs may allow pilots to fly through the flight restriction should they request permission to do so and subsequently receive it. Pilots are encouraged to use online preflight resources as they provide graphics and plain language interpretations for TFRs.
High barometric pressure warning.
Laser light activity.
ADS-B, TIS-B, and FIS-B service availability.
Satellite-based systems such as WAAS or GPS.
Special Notices.
https://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/05164407/Palm_Springs_International_Airporta_photo_D_Ramey_Logan-1.jpg540960Eric Radtkehttps://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/05155154/FTC-logo-horizontal-fianl.pngEric Radtke2021-12-02 11:30:292021-12-02 11:34:19NOTAM has a new meaning
CFIT and the overreliance on Automation – from the FAASTeam
/in Tips and technique/by Eric RadtkeTechnological advances in situational awareness have dramatically reduced the number of general aviation controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents. However, the General Aviation Joint Steering Committee (GAJSC) has found that reliance on automation is a precursor to CFIT events. They found that automation use contributed to visual meteorological condition (VMC) and instrument meteorological condition (IMC) accidents in day and night flight conditions. Awareness of automation limitations and pilot proficiency in flying with and without automation are key to safe flight operations.
Learn more from the FAASTeam.
3 Night Flying Pilot Hacks
/in Tips and technique/by Doug RanlyIt didn’t take many flights for me to really start to appreciate and enjoy flying at night. In many ways, it is better than flying during the day. It’s easier for me to schedule an airplane, it’s often much smoother and clearer than during the day, and there are fewer aircraft competing for the same airspace. Flying at night is one of the many privileges we have as private pilots, and what good is a privilege if you don’t exercise it?
But night flight isn’t without some unique challenges. Here are my top 3 hacks to overcome some of those challenges and make your night flights more enjoyable.
#1 Pick the right flashlight
The flashlight I keep in my bag is the Flight Gear Flashlight from Sporty’s, as it satisfies all three of my requirements and is priced right.
#2 Headlamp, or is it a neck light?
Pro tip: If your headlamp has a bracket normally used for aiming the light down from your forehead, put the headlamp around your neck upside down. This will provide better directional control for your new neck light. My favorite headlamp is the Flight Outfitters headlamp, as it has independent buttons for the red and white light.
#3 Use Oxygen to stay sharp
Putting these three items in your flight bag should help make your night flights more enjoyable. But don’t forget to watch out for those flying squirrels, especially at night.
Pilot Minute video: streamline the medical certification process
/in Tips and technique/by Eric RadtkeIn this episode of Pilot Minute, produced by the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute’s Medical Education Division, FAA Federal Air Surgeon Dr. Susan Northrup provides simple tips you can use to streamline the medical certification process. Tips include making sure all pages you submit for a medical are legible and contain a name, date, and any identification numbers you may have received in letters from the FAA. You can find more information about what’s required for each diagnosis in the Guide for Aviation Medical Examiners at faa.gov/go/ameguide.
Video Tip: Handling Emergencies
/in Video Tips/by Bret KoebbeDuring your training, you’ll practice a variety of simulated emergencies so that you’re prepared in the event the real thing develops in flight. One of the common training scenarios is a simulated engine failure, which will teach you important memory items and how to use the emergency checklist. This week’s tip demonstrates best practices for dealing with this rare situation to help you get safely back on the ground.
The video clip below is from Sporty’s 2022 Learn to Fly Course
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Change 1 published
/in Regulations, Uncategorized/by Eric RadtkeUpdates include:
1−1−9. INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM (ILS) – further clarifies the ILS Expanded Service Volume (ESV) and includes a new figure that better explains how pilots can identify an ILS ESV when consulting a charted instrument procedure.
1−1−17. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM – The NOTAM subparagraph (g) was deleted so as not to duplicate. There is a specific NOTAM paragraph (5−1−3) that explains NOTAMs in detail. A few paragraphs were moved to supplement the RAIM paragraph. Lastly, in an effort to clarify guidance and to ensure it supports what is currently being charted in regards to the missed approach waypoint (MAWP) and the missed approach holding waypoint (MAHWP), a clearer depiction and a minor correction on how Fly−by (FB) and Fly−over (FO) waypoints are used and depicted on approach charts.
5−4−5. MINIMUM VECTORING ALTITUDE (MVA) – This change rewrites the notes in off route obstruction clearance altitude (OROCA) related paragraphs, to incorporate updated terminology and enable a better understanding of how OROCA is utilized.
5−1−3. NOTICE TO AIRMEN (NOTAM) SYSTEM – GPS NOTAM and receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) information is currently located in the overview section of the AIM/AIP. This change consolidates all of the NOTAM information into one procedures section and updates current NOTAM language. This update references how to report GPS anomalies, as well as edits two tables with example NOTAMS on GPS testing and pseudo−random satellite numbers.
5−1−17. COLD TEMPERATURE OPERATIONS – This change replaces paragraph 5−1−17 Cold Temperature Operations guidance and preflight planning information being updated to reflect the two temperature limitations that may be found on an FAA produced instrument approach procedure (IAP). The new paragraph also directs operators to Chapter 7 to review the information on cold temperature altimetry errors and current procedures for CTA and baro−VNAV temperature limitations.
5−2−9. INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE PROCEDURES (DP) − OBSTACLE DEPARTURE PROCEDURES (ODP), STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURES (SID), AND DIVERSE VECTOR AREAS (DVA) – Instructions and clarity were added for pilots to remain within the visual climb over airport (VCOA) specified visibility when departing an airport instrument flight rules (IFR) using VCOA.
5−4−20. APPROACH AND LANDING MINIMUMS – Removes outdated and incorrect verbiage and re−aligns AIM/AIP verbiage with FAA Order 8260.58.
7−1−8. INFLIGHT WEATHER ADVISORY BROADCASTS – This change removes Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWW) from paragraph 7−1−8, Inflight Weather Advisory Broadcasts, which are not broadcast by Terminal or ARTCC controllers.
9−1−4. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF EACH CHART SERIES – This change updates frequency of chart production. In cases where annually or biannual updates were made, 56 day chart updates replace those longer update periods, and reduce the NOTAM burden and bring NAS changes to aviators in a timely manner.
Access the complete FAA AIM here.
NOTAM has a new meaning
/in Regulations/by Eric RadtkeFAA recently published Order 7930.2S, Change 2, effective December 2, 2021 for Notices to Air Missions (NOTAM). Yes, these changes include modifying the acronym NOTAM from Notice to Airmen to Notice to Air Missions – a more applicable term per the FAA.
As a brief review, NOTAM information classifications include Domestic (NOTAM D) and Flight Data Center (FDC).
NOTAM (D) information is disseminated for all navigational facilities that are part of the National Airspace System (NAS), all public use aerodromes, seaplane bases, and heliports listed in the Chart Supplement U.S. NOTAM (D) information includes such data as taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria, such as VASI. There are several types of NOTAM Ds:
FDC NOTAMs. On those occasions when it becomes necessary to disseminate information that is regulatory in nature, an FDC NOTAM is issued. FDC NOTAMs include NOTAMs such as: