For every pilot, maintaining proficiency is not just about keeping your license current—it’s about ensuring the safety of yourself, your passengers, and the aircraft. One essential part of this process is the Flight Review required under FAR 61.56 which must be completed every 24 calendar months. While it’s not a test or a checkride, it’s an opportunity to sharpen your skills and stay up to date with regulations. So, what should a pilot expect during a flight review?
Purpose of the Flight Review
The flight review is intended to evaluate a pilot’s knowledge and proficiency to ensure that they can safely exercise the privileges of their certificate. It’s more about collaborative learning and less about a pass/fail examination. The goal is to identify areas that may need improvement and ensure that the pilot is confident in operating an aircraft within safe parameters.
The goal of the flight review is to identify areas that may need improvement.
Components of the Flight Review
A flight review has two main parts:
Ground Instruction – A minimum of one hour (could be in-person, online or combination)
Flight Instruction – A minimum of one hour
The review must be conducted by a CFI and should be tailored to the pilot’s individual needs and experience.
Ground Instruction
The ground portion usually involves a review of aeronautical knowledge and regulations. Topics typically covered include:
Airspace: Familiarity with different types of airspace, including controlled, uncontrolled, and special use airspaces, along with recent changes in airspace classification or operation.
Weather: How to interpret weather reports and forecasts, including TAFs (Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts), METARs, and PIREPs. You’ll also review the effects of weather on flight and decision-making.
Regulations: A review of any updates to the regulations, particularly those affecting pilot recency of experience, flight operations, and medical requirements.
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM): This involves evaluating a pilot’s approach to decision-making, risk management, and use of checklists in various scenarios.
Many pilots use this opportunity to ask questions or discuss areas where they may need clarification. The ground review is also a great time to go over recent changes in technology or procedures that may not have been covered in your original training.
Flight Instruction
The flight portion of the review will be tailored to the type of flying you do most frequently. If you mainly fly VFR, you’ll focus on maneuvers and procedures related to VFR flight. If you frequently fly IFR, expect some instrument work. Here’s what you can typically expect:
Preflight Procedures: Your instructor may observe how you prepare for a flight (weather, performance, weight and balance) and verify that you are using proper procedures for ensuring aircraft airworthiness.
Basic Maneuvers: You will likely perform a variety of standard flight maneuvers such as steep turns, stalls, slow flight, and pattern work. These exercises assess your fundamental skills and ensure that you maintain control of the aircraft in various scenarios.
Emergency Procedures: Be prepared to demonstrate your knowledge of emergency protocols, such as handling engine failure, electrical failures, or other in-flight anomalies. The CFI may simulate emergencies to assess how you respond under pressure.
Navigation and Communication: Pilots may be asked to perform basic navigation tasks, including GPS and autopilot management, as well as demonstrate proper radio communication, including towered and non-towered airport operations.
This flight portion is where your instructor evaluates your operational skills, ensuring you can handle the aircraft safely and respond correctly to any issues.
The flight portion is where your instructor evaluates your operational skills.
Tips for a Successful Flight Review
Prepare Ahead: Refresh your knowledge on key topics, especially those you may not encounter frequently. Study up on airspace, weather interpretation, and regulations before your review. Great resources to get started with are Sporty’s Flight Review, Sporty’s Instrument Proficiency Check and AOPA’s Rusty Pilots Course.
Bring Documentation: Make sure to bring your pilot’s license, photo ID, medical certificate or basic med, and logbook to review your flying activity.
Be Open to Feedback: The flight review is a learning experience, not a test. Take constructive criticism as an opportunity to grow as a pilot.
Tailor the Review: If you fly in specific environments—mountainous terrain, congested airspace, or IFR conditions—ask your instructor to focus on those areas. This ensures that the review is relevant to your flying habits.
Stay Current: Although the flight review is only required every two years, consider periodic training or checkouts with an instructor to keep your skills sharp, especially if you have long gaps between flights.
Refresh your knowledge on key topics, especially those you may not encounter frequently.
After the Flight Review
At the end of the review, the instructor will sign your logbook, signifying that you’ve completed the requirements for the flight review. Keep in mind that completing the review does not automatically renew your privileges for carrying passengers under night conditions—separate currency requirements apply.
The flight review is an invaluable opportunity to refresh your skills and ensure you’re flying safely. Approach it with the mindset of continuous improvement, and you’ll walk away a more confident and proficient pilot. Rather than seeing it as a hurdle, view it as a chance to engage with a CFI, address any gaps in your knowledge, and stay up-to-date with aviation best practices. Safe flying!
https://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/25113313/Flight-Review.png10001250Eric Radtkehttps://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/17092615/FTC_Redesign_2025_WhiteRed_WEB.pngEric Radtke2024-09-19 08:55:112024-09-26 17:25:14What to expect on a flight review
If you’re feeling a little rusty, you’re not alone and there are some great resources to help. Perhaps life just got in the way. Maybe a young family, a growing business, or a medical setback had something to do with it. Whatever the case, things are different now. You’re back in the game and would like to start flying again.
Pilot certificates never expire!
No Checkride Required!
You may have forgotten that pilot certificates never expire. Once a pilot, always a pilot. You never have to take another test or worry about another checkride. All you need is a Flight Review with a local CFI. A little brush-up with your local CFI with enough flights to demonstrate competence again (minimum one hour), and you’re back in the air. Seriously, that’s all it takes. And you may not even need a medical certificate.
The Rusty Pilots Online Course Can Get You Started
The Rusty Pilots Online Course is free for AOPA members.
AOPA has created a fun, interactive online course, modeled after its popular Rusty Pilots Seminar that gives you all the information you need to get current again. The course uses the scenario of a cross-country flight to help bring you up to speed on critical topics like weather briefings, preflight planning, regulations, new technology and airspace. At the end of the course, you’ll receive FAA WINGS credit to help you towards completing your Flight Review. Best of all, Rusty Pilots Online Course is FREE for AOPA Members.
https://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/25113928/Rusty-Pilots-FTC-Article.png10001250Flight Training Central Staffhttps://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/17092615/FTC_Redesign_2025_WhiteRed_WEB.pngFlight Training Central Staff2024-09-17 08:55:402024-09-25 11:39:35Attention Rusty Pilots: Getting Back in the Air is Easier than you Think
The demand for professional pilots has never been greater. Airline pilot requirements and mandatory retirements have significantly impacted the pool of eligible candidates and, in many cases, have left flight departments at a shortage of qualified applicants.
If you’ve been dreaming about the challenge, adventure and rewards of a pilot career, there’s never been a better time to engage in a pilot training program. But there are multiple pathways to consider if the airline flight deck beckons.
To be eligible to serve as an airline crew member, pilots must possess an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate (ATP).
To be eligible to serve as an airline crew member, pilots must possess an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate (ATP). To reach the ATP level, pilots now have the option of pursuing an unrestricted ATP subject to FAR Part 61 requirements or may choose to pursue a Restricted ATP (R-ATP) qualification by graduating from an approved, collegiate-based aviation program. Eligibility requirements for the two pathways vary greatly.
An unrestricted ATP requires that the pilot be 23 years of age and possess minimum flight experience to include:
1,500 total time
500 hours cross-country
100 hours night
75 hours instrument
250 hours PIC
50 hours of multiengine (if pursuing ATP multiengine)
Complete eligibility requirements are defined in § 61.159.
Restricted ATP (R-ATP)
The R-ATP allows a pilot to serve as an airline first officer before reaching the requisite 1,500 hours.
The R-ATP allows a pilot to serve as an airline first officer before reaching the requisite 1,500 hours for an unrestricted ATP. The R-ATP also requires that a pilot be at least 21 years of age and successfully complete a checkride. The R-ATP, in lieu of the 1,500 hour requirement, offers credit for specialized training received as part of a collegiate aviation curriculum or through the military. The R-ATP eligibility requirements are fully defined in § 61.160 and the options for R-ATP minimum experience are:
750 hours for military pilots
1,000 hours for college graduates who possess a bachelor’s degree with an aviation major from an approved school
1,250 hours for college graduates possessing an associate degree with an aviation major from an approved school
For each of the R-ATP options, the majority of total flight experience must have been obtained while enrolled in the approved program. It’s worth noting that simply graduating from a program that confers a degree does not automatically grant eligibility for the R-ATP. Each school that desires to certify its graduates for the R-ATP must apply for and receive approval from the FAA and must meet criteria outlined in Advisory Circular 61-139.
Considered in the ATP regulations is a category of pilots who may possess the 1,500 hours of total pilot time required for an unrestricted ATP, but fall short of the requisite 500 hours of cross-country experience (e.g. flight instructors). These pilots, as long as they possess at least 200 hours of cross-country time, and otherwise meet ATP experience requirements, are also eligible to apply for the R-ATP.
Transitioning from R-ATP to ATP
When transitioning from a R-ATP to an unrestricted ATP, an FAA inspector can remove R-ATP limitations and issue a full ATP with paperwork only. The applicant must present evidence that he has met the ATP age requirement (23) and the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159. The applicant then must complete section III – Record of Pilot Time, on a pilot application (form 8710) to be issued the unrestricted ATP.
ATP-CTP Requirements
ATP-CTP is a 40 hour course – 30 hours of ground school and 10 hours of simulator training.
Also required of ATP certification is the completion of an FAA-approved Airline Transport Pilot Certification Training Program (ATP-CTP) PRIOR to taking the FAA written exam for multiengine ATP. ATP-CTP is a 40 hour course – 30 hours of ground school and 10 hours of simulator training – intended to prepare the applicant to operate safely in those operations that require an ATP. Of the 10 hours of simulator training, six (6) hours must be completed in a Level C or higher full flight simulator that represents a multiengine, turbine airplane with a maximum takeoff weight of at least 40,000 pounds, rendering many corporate aircraft ineligible.
The ATP CTP serves as a prerequisite for the multiengine ATP written exam and includes training in:
Aerodynamics,
Automation,
Adverse weather conditions,
Air carrier operations,
Transport airplane performance,
Professionalism, and
Leadership and development.
All pilots taking the ATP knowledge test are required to present a graduation certificate certifying the completion of an ATP-CTP before taking the written test. Written tests for multiengine ATP are valid for 60 calendar months (much longer than the 24 months granted for other written exams). The ATP-CTP graduation certificate itself does not expire so there is no penalty and no harm in taking the ATP-CTP anytime that is convenient.
It’s worth noting that the ATP-CTP itself does not prepare you for the FAA written exam. It’s only a pre-requisite for the written exam. It would be wise to select a trusted training source for dedicated written test preparation independent of your ATP-CTP training. There is no endorsement required to take the ATP written exam so it’s up to you to determine when you’re ready.
For those pursuring an airline career, most regional airlines have created their own in-house programs or have contracted with other training providers to deliver ATP-CTP training as part of your new-hire process. So in many cases, this creates additional training time, but does not represent an additional out-of-pocket expense.
If you happen to be in corporate aviation or perhaps on a military track and moving straight to the legacy air carriers, you may very well have to complete an ATP-CTP at your own expense to meet hiring requirements. There are independent training providers with courses available.
If you’re curious about an alternate ATP option, single-engine ATP does NOT require the ATP-CTP course, but does require a separate single-engine ATP written exam. You will still need to complete an ATP-CTP in order to pursue a multiengine ATP.
Building Flight Experience
Becoming an instructor is still the most common path for building flight experience.
It remains the case that the most common pathway for building your flight experience toward ATP certification is the certified flight instructor (CFI) path. CFI jobs are plentiful as the demand for training increases and as CFIs transition to the airlines. Similar to airline starting salaries, CFI wages have increased. It is possible to earn a respectable wage in the CFI ranks and pursue a rewarding career. And most airline recruiters and human resource professionals will agree that the experience gained as a CFI will serve you well into the future.
Alternate routes for gaining additional experience toward ATP certification include private or business aviation pilot jobs, aerial surveying or mapping, freight, charter, and even investing in your own airplane.
No matter your ultimate pathway, there’s only one correct way to begin, get to the airport and take that first flight or the next flight!
https://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/07130113/airliner-sunset-scaled.jpg19202560Eric Radtkehttps://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/17092615/FTC_Redesign_2025_WhiteRed_WEB.pngEric Radtke2024-09-16 08:55:072024-08-07 13:12:17Navigating the ATP Certification Process: A Pilot’s Guide
Has it been a few years since you logged pilot time? Don’t worry—your pilot’s license never expires, and you don’t have to pass a checkride to regain currency. All it takes is some studying and a few hours with a flight instructor. Sporty’s and Flight Training Central are here to help, with honest advice and hundreds of useful products that make flying safer, easier, and more fun. If you’ve been thinking about knocking the rust off, enjoy limited time savings and in-depth articles from our team of pilots.
Feeling a little Rusty? Get current as part of Sporty’s Rusty Pilot Week, September 13 – 20.
Special savings
During Rusty Pilot Week, you can save big on some of Sporty’s best products for rusty pilots. From online courses to essential pilot gear, we have what you need to get back in the left seat.
Save on Sporty’s training courses.
Rusty Pilot Kit – includes Flight Review, Instrument Proficiency, kneeboard, books and more
In addition to great products, Sporty’s has plenty of articles and helpful videos to make your training experience more efficient and fun. We’ll be adding new content at Flight Training Central, so check back often for the latest updates.
Sporty’s video tips will refresh your aviation knowledge.
https://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/12124925/GET-CURRENT-AND-SAVE.png518918Flight Training Central Staffhttps://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/17092615/FTC_Redesign_2025_WhiteRed_WEB.pngFlight Training Central Staff2024-09-15 08:55:142024-09-15 09:32:22Rusty Pilot Week Launches at Sporty’s
Thousands of simulated Private Pilot written exams are completed every month in Sporty’s Learn to Fly Course, but certain topics consistently trip up aspiring aviators. These commonly missed questions often focus on nuanced regulations, meteorology, flight planning, and airspace rules. Understanding why these questions are frequently misunderstood can help test-takers better prepare and avoid making costly mistakes. Here are the five most often missed questions from August 2024 on the simulated Private Pilot Knowledge Test.
Access unlimited practice exams and other test preparation tools in Sporty’s Learn to Fly Course.
Extending the flaps:
Correct!Wrong!
What is the purpose of the runway/runway hold position sign?
Correct!Wrong!
What condition applies when taking off at a high density altitude?
Correct!Wrong!
What is the difference between a normal landing and a crosswind landing?
Correct!Wrong!
If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to:
https://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/21132237/Video-Tip-2023-Taxiway-Markings-copy-2-scaled.jpg14402560Flight Training Central Staffhttps://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/17092615/FTC_Redesign_2025_WhiteRed_WEB.pngFlight Training Central Staff2024-09-13 07:25:402024-09-17 11:02:43The five most frequently missed Private Pilot Written Test questions—August 2024
When you finished your test, the testing center issued you an Airman Knowledge Test Report (view a sample report). The top of the report includes identifying information. Your name and FTN tie the test report to your file at the FAA. The exam ID ties the type of exam, the exam date, and the outcome of this report to your FAA account. You will also see a line with your score on the test, your grade (pass or fail), and how many times you have taken the test.
The exam ID ties the type of exam, the exam date, and the outcome of this report to your FAA account.
Below your score, you will see a paragraph discussing the Airman Certification Standards (ACS) codes listed and how they represent question topics that you did not get correct on your exam. As noted, “A single code may represent more than one incorrect response.”
This statement is followed by a list of ACS codes representing the topics that you missed. We’ll discuss these momentarily.
It is important to keep track of the expiration date of your test results.
Next you will see an expiration date listed for the knowledge test report. It is important to keep track of this date. You will need to successfully complete your oral and practical exams, your “checkride,” on or before this date. If you don’t, you will need to start over with the knowledge test. The date listed will be 24 calendar months after the date that you completed the knowledge exam for all exams other than the multiengine airplane ATP test. That ATP test report is good for 60 calendar months.
Just above the dashed line on the report, the FAA reminds you, “DO NOT LOSE THIS REPORT.” If you do lose the report, you can replace it by logging into your PSI testing account and printing a duplicate copy.
Below the dashed line is a place that a flight instructor can confirm that he or she has completed the necessary review training for a student that did not pass the test the first time. Since you already passed your knowledge test, you don’t need to be concerned with this section.
This is where a flight instructor can confirm that he or she has completed the necessary review training for a student that did not pass the test.
You should be concerned about the final section. It discusses the potential legal ramifications of trying to fraudulently alter or falsify the report, which I am certain that you would never do.
FRAUDULENT ALTERATION OF THIS FORM BY ANY PERSON IS A BASIS FOR SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION OF ANY CERTIFICATES OR RATINGS HELD BY THAT PERSON.
An Introduction to the FAA Knowledge Test ACS Codes
The Airman Certification Standards are a framework intended to integrate and align standards, guidance, and testing for airman certification. They were built on the performance standards of an older system while adding aeronautical knowledge and risk management elements to each task.
ACS Codes are used to define the type of questions missed on the knowledge exam. These codes tie directly to an element of the ACS and are classified as (K)nowledge, (S)kill, or (R)isk Management codes.
The coding system has four elements.
PA.XI.A.K1:
PA = (private pilot airplane) – identifies the applicable ACS.
The FAA used this coding system to revise and align all private pilot airplane, commercial pilot airplane, instrument airplane rating, flight instructor airplane, and airline transport pilot airplane knowledge test questions to the knowledge, skill, and risk management elements in the corresponding ACS. This led to the elimination of a number of questions that were no longer relevant today.
You, your instructor, and your pilot examiner will use these codes to determine the areas of the test where your knowledge was weak. You can do this by looking up the code in the appropriate ACS document. Review of older test reports may require the download of an older ACS version or the ACS Companion Guide for Pilots.
Reviewing Missed Topics with Your Flight Instructor
After you have determined the topics needing review from your knowledge test report and the ACS, it is time to start studying and help yourself become more prepared. Use the search function in your Sporty’s courses to search for keywords related to the topics. This will take you to videos and other resources that will help you understand the topics. Check out the FAA resources on the topics and do what you can to become an expert on those subjects.
Go and pass your oral and practical exam with confidence in your knowledge of the details that you need to know
When you are ready, plan to meet with your flight instructor and prove to him or her that you now understand the topics. This review with your instructor is required by the regulations. You should receive an endorsement from your instructor when he or she agrees that you understand the topics now.
Before your oral and practical exam, your pilot examiner will want to know the ACS codes from your knowledge report. The examiner is required to evaluate your comprehension on these topics during your time with him or her. Most examiners will prepare special questions or scenarios directly related to the topics where you were found deficient during the knowledge test. If you have reviewed the material and prepared properly, this part of the exam should not be a problem.
Now, go and pass your oral and practical exam with confidence in your knowledge of the details that you need to know. You’ve got this!
Fly and stay safe!
https://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/07103054/checkride-report-scaled.jpg12282560Paul Jurgenshttps://media.flighttrainingcentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/17092615/FTC_Redesign_2025_WhiteRed_WEB.pngPaul Jurgens2024-09-02 08:55:002024-08-07 10:39:57How to Interpret your FAA Written Test Report
What to expect on a flight review
/in Tips and technique/by Eric RadtkeFor every pilot, maintaining proficiency is not just about keeping your license current—it’s about ensuring the safety of yourself, your passengers, and the aircraft. One essential part of this process is the Flight Review required under FAR 61.56 which must be completed every 24 calendar months. While it’s not a test or a checkride, it’s an opportunity to sharpen your skills and stay up to date with regulations. So, what should a pilot expect during a flight review?
Purpose of the Flight Review
The flight review is intended to evaluate a pilot’s knowledge and proficiency to ensure that they can safely exercise the privileges of their certificate. It’s more about collaborative learning and less about a pass/fail examination. The goal is to identify areas that may need improvement and ensure that the pilot is confident in operating an aircraft within safe parameters.
The goal of the flight review is to identify areas that may need improvement.
Components of the Flight Review
A flight review has two main parts:
The review must be conducted by a CFI and should be tailored to the pilot’s individual needs and experience.
Ground Instruction
The ground portion usually involves a review of aeronautical knowledge and regulations. Topics typically covered include:
Many pilots use this opportunity to ask questions or discuss areas where they may need clarification. The ground review is also a great time to go over recent changes in technology or procedures that may not have been covered in your original training.
Flight Instruction
The flight portion of the review will be tailored to the type of flying you do most frequently. If you mainly fly VFR, you’ll focus on maneuvers and procedures related to VFR flight. If you frequently fly IFR, expect some instrument work. Here’s what you can typically expect:
This flight portion is where your instructor evaluates your operational skills, ensuring you can handle the aircraft safely and respond correctly to any issues.
The flight portion is where your instructor evaluates your operational skills.
Tips for a Successful Flight Review
Refresh your knowledge on key topics, especially those you may not encounter frequently.
After the Flight Review
At the end of the review, the instructor will sign your logbook, signifying that you’ve completed the requirements for the flight review. Keep in mind that completing the review does not automatically renew your privileges for carrying passengers under night conditions—separate currency requirements apply.
The flight review is an invaluable opportunity to refresh your skills and ensure you’re flying safely. Approach it with the mindset of continuous improvement, and you’ll walk away a more confident and proficient pilot. Rather than seeing it as a hurdle, view it as a chance to engage with a CFI, address any gaps in your knowledge, and stay up-to-date with aviation best practices. Safe flying!
Attention Rusty Pilots: Getting Back in the Air is Easier than you Think
/in Getting Started, News, Tips and technique/by Flight Training Central StaffIf you’re feeling a little rusty, you’re not alone and there are some great resources to help. Perhaps life just got in the way. Maybe a young family, a growing business, or a medical setback had something to do with it. Whatever the case, things are different now. You’re back in the game and would like to start flying again.
Pilot certificates never expire!
No Checkride Required!
You may have forgotten that pilot certificates never expire. Once a pilot, always a pilot. You never have to take another test or worry about another checkride. All you need is a Flight Review with a local CFI. A little brush-up with your local CFI with enough flights to demonstrate competence again (minimum one hour), and you’re back in the air. Seriously, that’s all it takes. And you may not even need a medical certificate.
The Rusty Pilots Online Course Can Get You Started
The Rusty Pilots Online Course is free for AOPA members.
AOPA has created a fun, interactive online course, modeled after its popular Rusty Pilots Seminar that gives you all the information you need to get current again. The course uses the scenario of a cross-country flight to help bring you up to speed on critical topics like weather briefings, preflight planning, regulations, new technology and airspace. At the end of the course, you’ll receive FAA WINGS credit to help you towards completing your Flight Review. Best of all, Rusty Pilots Online Course is FREE for AOPA Members.
This course also qualifies for the AOPA Accident Forgiveness and FAA WINGS programs.
Preview the course free at AOPA.org.
Additional Resources:
Pilot’s Guide to Basic Med
Flight School (CFI) Directory
Sporty’s Rusty Pilot Kit
Navigating the ATP Certification Process: A Pilot’s Guide
/in Career, Regulations/by Eric RadtkeThe demand for professional pilots has never been greater. Airline pilot requirements and mandatory retirements have significantly impacted the pool of eligible candidates and, in many cases, have left flight departments at a shortage of qualified applicants.
If you’ve been dreaming about the challenge, adventure and rewards of a pilot career, there’s never been a better time to engage in a pilot training program. But there are multiple pathways to consider if the airline flight deck beckons.
ATP Certification
Recricted ATP (R-ATP)
Transitioning from R-ATP to ATP
ATP-CTP Requirements
Building Flight Experience
ATP Certification
To be eligible to serve as an airline crew member, pilots must possess an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate (ATP).
To be eligible to serve as an airline crew member, pilots must possess an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate (ATP). To reach the ATP level, pilots now have the option of pursuing an unrestricted ATP subject to FAR Part 61 requirements or may choose to pursue a Restricted ATP (R-ATP) qualification by graduating from an approved, collegiate-based aviation program. Eligibility requirements for the two pathways vary greatly.
An unrestricted ATP requires that the pilot be 23 years of age and possess minimum flight experience to include:
Complete eligibility requirements are defined in § 61.159.
Restricted ATP (R-ATP)
The R-ATP allows a pilot to serve as an airline first officer before reaching the requisite 1,500 hours.
The R-ATP allows a pilot to serve as an airline first officer before reaching the requisite 1,500 hours for an unrestricted ATP. The R-ATP also requires that a pilot be at least 21 years of age and successfully complete a checkride. The R-ATP, in lieu of the 1,500 hour requirement, offers credit for specialized training received as part of a collegiate aviation curriculum or through the military. The R-ATP eligibility requirements are fully defined in § 61.160 and the options for R-ATP minimum experience are:
A list of approved schools for R-ATP eligibility is available from FAA here.
For each of the R-ATP options, the majority of total flight experience must have been obtained while enrolled in the approved program. It’s worth noting that simply graduating from a program that confers a degree does not automatically grant eligibility for the R-ATP. Each school that desires to certify its graduates for the R-ATP must apply for and receive approval from the FAA and must meet criteria outlined in Advisory Circular 61-139.
Considered in the ATP regulations is a category of pilots who may possess the 1,500 hours of total pilot time required for an unrestricted ATP, but fall short of the requisite 500 hours of cross-country experience (e.g. flight instructors). These pilots, as long as they possess at least 200 hours of cross-country time, and otherwise meet ATP experience requirements, are also eligible to apply for the R-ATP.
Transitioning from R-ATP to ATP
When transitioning from a R-ATP to an unrestricted ATP, an FAA inspector can remove R-ATP limitations and issue a full ATP with paperwork only. The applicant must present evidence that he has met the ATP age requirement (23) and the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159. The applicant then must complete section III – Record of Pilot Time, on a pilot application (form 8710) to be issued the unrestricted ATP.
ATP-CTP Requirements
ATP-CTP is a 40 hour course – 30 hours of ground school and 10 hours of simulator training.
Also required of ATP certification is the completion of an FAA-approved Airline Transport Pilot Certification Training Program (ATP-CTP) PRIOR to taking the FAA written exam for multiengine ATP. ATP-CTP is a 40 hour course – 30 hours of ground school and 10 hours of simulator training – intended to prepare the applicant to operate safely in those operations that require an ATP. Of the 10 hours of simulator training, six (6) hours must be completed in a Level C or higher full flight simulator that represents a multiengine, turbine airplane with a maximum takeoff weight of at least 40,000 pounds, rendering many corporate aircraft ineligible.
The ATP CTP serves as a prerequisite for the multiengine ATP written exam and includes training in:
All pilots taking the ATP knowledge test are required to present a graduation certificate certifying the completion of an ATP-CTP before taking the written test. Written tests for multiengine ATP are valid for 60 calendar months (much longer than the 24 months granted for other written exams). The ATP-CTP graduation certificate itself does not expire so there is no penalty and no harm in taking the ATP-CTP anytime that is convenient.
It’s worth noting that the ATP-CTP itself does not prepare you for the FAA written exam. It’s only a pre-requisite for the written exam. It would be wise to select a trusted training source for dedicated written test preparation independent of your ATP-CTP training. There is no endorsement required to take the ATP written exam so it’s up to you to determine when you’re ready.
For those pursuring an airline career, most regional airlines have created their own in-house programs or have contracted with other training providers to deliver ATP-CTP training as part of your new-hire process. So in many cases, this creates additional training time, but does not represent an additional out-of-pocket expense.
If you happen to be in corporate aviation or perhaps on a military track and moving straight to the legacy air carriers, you may very well have to complete an ATP-CTP at your own expense to meet hiring requirements. There are independent training providers with courses available.
If you’re curious about an alternate ATP option, single-engine ATP does NOT require the ATP-CTP course, but does require a separate single-engine ATP written exam. You will still need to complete an ATP-CTP in order to pursue a multiengine ATP.
Building Flight Experience
Becoming an instructor is still the most common path for building flight experience.
It remains the case that the most common pathway for building your flight experience toward ATP certification is the certified flight instructor (CFI) path. CFI jobs are plentiful as the demand for training increases and as CFIs transition to the airlines. Similar to airline starting salaries, CFI wages have increased. It is possible to earn a respectable wage in the CFI ranks and pursue a rewarding career. And most airline recruiters and human resource professionals will agree that the experience gained as a CFI will serve you well into the future.
Alternate routes for gaining additional experience toward ATP certification include private or business aviation pilot jobs, aerial surveying or mapping, freight, charter, and even investing in your own airplane.
No matter your ultimate pathway, there’s only one correct way to begin, get to the airport and take that first flight or the next flight!
For additional information, FAA resources are available at https://www.faa.gov/pilots/training/atp/.
Rusty Pilot Week Launches at Sporty’s
/in News/by Flight Training Central StaffIt’s time to get current!
September 13—20
Has it been a few years since you logged pilot time? Don’t worry—your pilot’s license never expires, and you don’t have to pass a checkride to regain currency. All it takes is some studying and a few hours with a flight instructor. Sporty’s and Flight Training Central are here to help, with honest advice and hundreds of useful products that make flying safer, easier, and more fun. If you’ve been thinking about knocking the rust off, enjoy limited time savings and in-depth articles from our team of pilots.
Feeling a little Rusty? Get current as part of Sporty’s Rusty Pilot Week, September 13 – 20.
Special savings
During Rusty Pilot Week, you can save big on some of Sporty’s best products for rusty pilots. From online courses to essential pilot gear, we have what you need to get back in the left seat.
Save on Sporty’s training courses.
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Flight Review Course – save 20%
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Helpful videos and articles:
In addition to great products, Sporty’s has plenty of articles and helpful videos to make your training experience more efficient and fun. We’ll be adding new content at Flight Training Central, so check back often for the latest updates.
Sporty’s video tips will refresh your aviation knowledge.
Additional resources:
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The five most frequently missed Private Pilot Written Test questions—August 2024
/in Test questions/by Flight Training Central StaffThousands of simulated Private Pilot written exams are completed every month in Sporty’s Learn to Fly Course, but certain topics consistently trip up aspiring aviators. These commonly missed questions often focus on nuanced regulations, meteorology, flight planning, and airspace rules. Understanding why these questions are frequently misunderstood can help test-takers better prepare and avoid making costly mistakes. Here are the five most often missed questions from August 2024 on the simulated Private Pilot Knowledge Test.
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How to Interpret your FAA Written Test Report
/in Tips and technique/by Paul JurgensCongratulations on passing your FAA Knowledge Test! You are further along your journey to your next certificate or rating. Now what?
The FAA Written Test Report
An Introduction to FAA Knowledge Test ACS Codes
Reviewing Missed Topics with Your Flight Instructor
FAA Written Test Report
When you finished your test, the testing center issued you an Airman Knowledge Test Report (view a sample report). The top of the report includes identifying information. Your name and FTN tie the test report to your file at the FAA. The exam ID ties the type of exam, the exam date, and the outcome of this report to your FAA account. You will also see a line with your score on the test, your grade (pass or fail), and how many times you have taken the test.
The exam ID ties the type of exam, the exam date, and the outcome of this report to your FAA account.
Below your score, you will see a paragraph discussing the Airman Certification Standards (ACS) codes listed and how they represent question topics that you did not get correct on your exam. As noted, “A single code may represent more than one incorrect response.”
This statement is followed by a list of ACS codes representing the topics that you missed. We’ll discuss these momentarily.
It is important to keep track of the expiration date of your test results.
Next you will see an expiration date listed for the knowledge test report. It is important to keep track of this date. You will need to successfully complete your oral and practical exams, your “checkride,” on or before this date. If you don’t, you will need to start over with the knowledge test. The date listed will be 24 calendar months after the date that you completed the knowledge exam for all exams other than the multiengine airplane ATP test. That ATP test report is good for 60 calendar months.
Just above the dashed line on the report, the FAA reminds you, “DO NOT LOSE THIS REPORT.” If you do lose the report, you can replace it by logging into your PSI testing account and printing a duplicate copy.
Below the dashed line is a place that a flight instructor can confirm that he or she has completed the necessary review training for a student that did not pass the test the first time. Since you already passed your knowledge test, you don’t need to be concerned with this section.
This is where a flight instructor can confirm that he or she has completed the necessary review training for a student that did not pass the test.
You should be concerned about the final section. It discusses the potential legal ramifications of trying to fraudulently alter or falsify the report, which I am certain that you would never do.
FRAUDULENT ALTERATION OF THIS FORM BY ANY PERSON IS A BASIS FOR SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION OF ANY CERTIFICATES OR RATINGS HELD BY THAT PERSON.
An Introduction to the FAA Knowledge Test ACS Codes
The Airman Certification Standards are a framework intended to integrate and align standards, guidance, and testing for airman certification. They were built on the performance standards of an older system while adding aeronautical knowledge and risk management elements to each task.
ACS Codes are used to define the type of questions missed on the knowledge exam. These codes tie directly to an element of the ACS and are classified as (K)nowledge, (S)kill, or (R)isk Management codes.
The coding system has four elements.
PA.XI.A.K1:
The FAA used this coding system to revise and align all private pilot airplane, commercial pilot airplane, instrument airplane rating, flight instructor airplane, and airline transport pilot airplane knowledge test questions to the knowledge, skill, and risk management elements in the corresponding ACS. This led to the elimination of a number of questions that were no longer relevant today.
You, your instructor, and your pilot examiner will use these codes to determine the areas of the test where your knowledge was weak. You can do this by looking up the code in the appropriate ACS document. Review of older test reports may require the download of an older ACS version or the ACS Companion Guide for Pilots.
Reviewing Missed Topics with Your Flight Instructor
After you have determined the topics needing review from your knowledge test report and the ACS, it is time to start studying and help yourself become more prepared. Use the search function in your Sporty’s courses to search for keywords related to the topics. This will take you to videos and other resources that will help you understand the topics. Check out the FAA resources on the topics and do what you can to become an expert on those subjects.
Go and pass your oral and practical exam with confidence in your knowledge of the details that you need to know
When you are ready, plan to meet with your flight instructor and prove to him or her that you now understand the topics. This review with your instructor is required by the regulations. You should receive an endorsement from your instructor when he or she agrees that you understand the topics now.
Before your oral and practical exam, your pilot examiner will want to know the ACS codes from your knowledge report. The examiner is required to evaluate your comprehension on these topics during your time with him or her. Most examiners will prepare special questions or scenarios directly related to the topics where you were found deficient during the knowledge test. If you have reviewed the material and prepared properly, this part of the exam should not be a problem.
Now, go and pass your oral and practical exam with confidence in your knowledge of the details that you need to know. You’ve got this!
Fly and stay safe!